The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement,
Recalling the Paris Agreement,
Underscoring Article 2, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement, which provides that the Agreement, in enhancing the implementation of the Convention, including its objective, aims to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty, including by holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change; increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emission development in a manner that does not threaten food production; and making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development,
Also underscoring Article 2, paragraph 2, of the Paris Agreement, which provides that the Agreement will be implemented to reflect equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances,
Recognizing the need for an effective and progressive response to the urgent threat of climate change, based on equity and the best available science,
Recalling decisions 1/CMA.3, paragraph 85, 1/CMA.4, paragraphs 50–53, and 3/CMA.5,
Acknowledging that climate change is a common concern of humankind and that Parties should, when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and consider their respective obligations on human rights, the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment, the right to health, the rights of Indigenous Peoples, local communities, migrants, children, persons with disabilities and people in vulnerable situations and the right to development, as well as gender equality, empowerment of women and intergenerational equity,
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12. Welcomes that the dialogues enabled Parties and observers and other non-Party stakeholders to share information on opportunities, best practices, actionable solutions, challenges and barriers related to the dialogue topics and recognizes the following, on a nonexhaustive basis:
(a) That nationally determined just transition pathways are implemented at the national level through national climate plans, policies and strategies, including nationally determined contributions, national adaptation plans and long-term low-emission development strategies, in the context of the objective and goals, as well as the principles, of the Convention and the Paris Agreement;
(b) That the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities should guide just transition efforts;
(c) That multi-stakeholder, people-centric, bottom-up, whole-of-society approaches are required to achieve just transitions;
(d) The importance of ensuring broad and meaningful participation involving all relevant stakeholders, including workers affected by transitions, informal workers, people in vulnerable situations, Indigenous Peoples, local communities, migrants and internally displaced persons, people of African descent, women, children, youth, elderly people and persons with disabilities, to enable effective, inclusive and participatory just transition pathways;
(e) The importance of meaningful and effective social dialogue with all social partners, respect for labour rights, and decent work and quality jobs for just transitions;
(f) The multisectoral and multidimensional nature of just transitions and the resultant need for whole-of-economy approaches to just transitions that engage the private sector, including micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises, and rural economy actors, especially smallholder farmers, and that contribute to the creation of decent work and quality jobs and food production;
(g) The importance of education systems and skills development, including through upskilling and reskilling that respond to labour market needs, of labour rights and social protection systems, and of consideration of the informal sector, the care economy, unemployed people and future workers for ensuring just transitions;
(h) The importance of just transition pathways that respect, promote and fulfil all human rights and labour rights, the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment, the right to health, the rights of Indigenous Peoples, people of African descent, local communities, migrants, children, persons with disabilities and people in vulnerable situations, and the right to development, as well as gender equality, empowerment of women and intergenerational equity;
(i) The importance of the rights of Indigenous Peoples and of obtaining their free, prior and informed consent in accordance with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and the importance of ensuring that all just transition pathways respect and promote the internationally recognized collective and individual rights of Indigenous Peoples, including the rights to self-determination, and acknowledge the rights and protections for Indigenous Peoples in voluntary isolation and initial contact, in accordance with relevant international human rights instruments and principles; MA/2025/L.14 4
(j) That adaptation and climate resilience are integral to just transitions and should be inclusive and empower Indigenous Peoples, local communities, women and people in vulnerable situations;
(k) The importance of social protection and locally led adaptation in the context of enhancing adaptation and climate resilience as part of just transition pathways;
(l) The importance of participatory approaches and of involving affected communities in the development of adaptation measures, noting that affected communities must also be central to the design and implementation of adaptation and climate resilience measures in the context of just transition pathways and that one-size-fits-all solutions should be avoided;
(m) The connection between just transition pathways and ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems and the protection of biodiversity, recognized by some cultures as Mother Earth, including through the use of ecosystem-based adaptation approaches;
(n) That universal, affordable and reliable energy access can be central to nationally defined just transition pathways, particularly in addressing energy poverty;
(o) The importance of facilitating universal access to clean, reliable, affordable and sustainable energy for all, including through the scaled-up deployment of renewable energy and access to clean cooking, and that such efforts may promote energy security, while acknowledging that pathways to energy transitions will vary by country in accordance with national circumstances;
(p) The need for scaling up access to clean cooking, highlighting the many cobenefits of clean cooking in terms of, inter alia, health, gender equality, the environment and livelihoods;
(q) That energy transitions towards low-carbon economies may include socioeconomic risks and opportunities, noting the role of nationally determined just energy transition pathways in minimizing risks and maximizing opportunities associated with these transitions;
(r) That an increasing number of zero- and low-carbon technologies, including renewable energy technologies, and energy efficiency measures are increasingly costeffective, scalable and rapidly deployable, including in remote and underserved areas, thereby contributing to just energy transitions, with associated gains in energy security, as well as health and environmental benefits, including reduced air pollution, and that accelerated development in secure, flexible and resilient grid infrastructure and grid interconnections supports system security and increases energy access;
(s) The essential role of innovation and technology transfer as critical levers for enabling just transitions in a holistic, multisectoral manner and across sectors, and that access to affordable and context-appropriate technologies can accelerate progress on just transition pathways while maximizing the creation of jobs and opportunities and ensuring that no one is left behind;
(t) The need to address barriers, including limited institutional capacity, implementation gaps, and financial and technical constraints faced by developing country Parties in the context of just transitions;
(u) The importance of strengthening international cooperation on mobilizing finance, technology and capacity-building support for facilitating the implementation of nationally determined just transitions in a socially inclusive and equitable manner;
(v) The importance of continued efforts to support just transitions through measures that avoid exacerbating debt burdens and create fiscal space for countries to advance on pathways towards low emissions and climate-resilient development;
